青島希尼爾翻譯公司（m.shreekrishnajewellers.com）整理發(fā)布2015-12-10

希尼爾翻譯公司（m.shreekrishnajewellers.com）2015年12月10日了解到：As Beijing declared its first “red alert” for heavy smog this week, closing schools and curbing car use, Chinese negotiators at UN talks in Paris are being accused of trying to weaken a global climate accord due to be finalised by Friday. 就在北京本周首次啟動(dòng)空氣重污染“紅色預(yù)警”、關(guān)閉學(xué)校并限制汽車(chē)使用之際，中國(guó)談判代表在巴黎聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候會(huì)議上被指試圖弱化定于周五敲定的全球氣候協(xié)議。（上圖圖右為參加巴黎氣候大會(huì)的中國(guó)氣候變化事務(wù)特別代表、中國(guó)代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長(zhǎng)解振華在巴黎的一次新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上）

“It is very frustrating,” said one negotiator from a developed country after a meeting where he said Chinese officials had tried to water down efforts to create a common system for the way countries reported to the UN on their carbon dioxide emissions and climate change plans. “這非常令人沮喪，”某個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的一名談判代表說(shuō)。他表示，在稍早前召開(kāi)的一個(gè)會(huì)上，中國(guó)官員試圖弱化國(guó)際社會(huì)創(chuàng)建一套共同制度的努力，該制度將統(tǒng)一各國(guó)向聯(lián)合國(guó)報(bào)告其二氧化碳排放和氣候變化計(jì)劃的方式。

Another envoy said Chinese delegates were also resisting a measure widely seen as crucial for a successful accord: a requirement for countries to update the pledges to limit their emissions, preferably every five years from about 2020. 另一名特使表示，中國(guó)代表還抵制一項(xiàng)被廣泛視為對(duì)成功協(xié)議至關(guān)重要的措施：要求各國(guó)更新其限制排放的承諾，最好從2020年左右開(kāi)始每五年一次。

The envoy said China was supporting a general stocktaking review of countries’ pledges every five years but wanted any updating of the carbon dioxide emissions reduction targets contained in these plans to be voluntary. 這名特使表示，中國(guó)支持每五年一次對(duì)各國(guó)的承諾進(jìn)行總體盤(pán)點(diǎn)，但希望在自愿基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)這些計(jì)劃所含的二氧化碳減排目標(biāo)作出任何更新。

Heat-trapping carbon dioxide is an invisible greenhouse gas that differs from the soot and smog choking Beijing, but the two pollutants typically come from the same sources, such as coal-fired power plants. 具有吸熱效果的二氧化碳是一種不可見(jiàn)的溫室氣體，不同于給北京帶來(lái)空氣污染的煙灰和煙霧，但這兩類(lèi)污染物通常來(lái)自相同來(lái)源，如燃煤電廠。

Beijing’s negotiating stance was causing anxiety among many delegates yesterday as the Paris talks intensified ahead of Friday’s deadline, partly because India was expected to be a bigger obstacle to a successful agreement. 隨著周五的最后期限逐漸臨近，巴黎會(huì)議加緊了談判，但北京方面的談判立場(chǎng)昨日導(dǎo)致很多與會(huì)代表精神焦慮，部分原因是人們?cè)詾橛《葧?huì)成為成功協(xié)議的更大障礙。

Narendra Modi, India prime minister, weighed into one of the most divisive issues of the conference on the eve of the two-week meeting, writing in the Financial Times that wealthy countries that “powered their way to prosperity on fossil fuel” had a moral duty to lead the fight against climate change. 印度總理納倫德拉?莫迪(Narendra Modi)在為期兩周的巴黎會(huì)議開(kāi)幕前夕介入分歧最大的議題之一，他在英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》撰文表示，“當(dāng)年依靠化石燃料實(shí)現(xiàn)富?！钡陌l(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，有道義責(zé)任帶頭應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。

In contrast, China president Xi Jinping has garnered public credit for a series of bold climate vows before the Paris meeting. He made a joint announcement with Barack Obama, his US counterpart, on Beijing’s plans to combat global warming and later pledged to launch a national carbon trading system as early as 2017. 與此相反，巴黎會(huì)議前一系列大膽的氣候誓言使中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平贏得了贊譽(yù)。他與美國(guó)總統(tǒng)巴拉克?奧巴馬(Barack Obama)發(fā)表了一份聯(lián)合聲明，闡述北京方面應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的計(jì)劃，后來(lái)又承諾最快在2017年推出一個(gè)全國(guó)碳交易體系。

In Paris, however, one delegate said that behind closed doors, India had been “quite helpful” on some measures while China’s negotiators had been siding with other developing countries on several divisive issues, including a push to provide more information about the volume of each country’s emissions. 但據(jù)一名與會(huì)代表透露，在巴黎舉行的閉門(mén)談判期間，印度在一些措施上“相當(dāng)配合”，而中國(guó)談判代表在數(shù)個(gè)分歧問(wèn)題（包括要求各國(guó)提供關(guān)于排放量的更多信息的努力）上與其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家站在一邊。

Under rules dating back to 1992, China has been classed as a developing country that has not been obliged to report to the UN on its carbon emissions as regularly as older industrialised nations, a situation the US and most other developed countries say must be changed in the Paris climate agreement. 根據(jù)可追溯到1992年的規(guī)則，中國(guó)被列為發(fā)展中國(guó)家，迄今沒(méi)有義務(wù)像更早工業(yè)化的國(guó)家那樣定期向聯(lián)合國(guó)報(bào)告碳排放量。美國(guó)和其他大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家表示，巴黎氣候協(xié)議必須改變這種局面。

China, the world’s biggest carbon emitter, has for example only given the UN two “national communications” reports since 1992, detailing its emissions and what it was doing to limit them. Its latest report was in 2012 but contained only 2005 emissions data. 例如，碳排放量全球最大的中國(guó)，自1992年以來(lái)僅向聯(lián)合國(guó)提交了兩份《國(guó)家信息通報(bào)》，介紹其排放情況以及它在采取什么措施限制排放。其最新報(bào)告是在2012年提交的，但僅包含2005年的排放數(shù)據(jù)。

Wealthy countries are required to produce such reports regularly, along with other data that are then subjected to a review. 富裕國(guó)家需要定期提交這樣的報(bào)告，以及隨后要接受審議的其他數(shù)據(jù)。

They argue that because developing countries are responsible for a growing share of global emissions, the reporting and monitoring system needs to be updated. 這些國(guó)家提出，由于發(fā)展中國(guó)家占全球排放量的比重越來(lái)越大，因此報(bào)告和監(jiān)測(cè)制度需要更新。

China accounts for 27 per cent of carbon emissions and India is the fourth biggest emitter with just over 7 per cent of the global total. 中國(guó)占全球碳排放的27%，印度是全球第四大排放國(guó)，占比略微超過(guò)7%。

“You need to have those basic elements of [emissions] inventories, reporting and review on the developing country side as well,” said Todd Stern, US climate envoy, adding the reporting done by developing countries at the moment was “at a pretty rudimentary level”. “你需要對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家也有這些基本要素，包括（排放量）清單、報(bào)告和審議，”美國(guó)氣候變化問(wèn)題特使托德?斯特恩(Todd Stern)表示。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，目前發(fā)展中國(guó)家所做的報(bào)告處于“相當(dāng)粗糙的水平”。

China does produce domestic emissions data, some of which experts question, but is often reluctant to divulge information on the basis of international agreements. 中國(guó)確實(shí)發(fā)布國(guó)內(nèi)排放量數(shù)據(jù)（其中一些受到專(zhuān)家質(zhì)疑），但往往不愿根據(jù)國(guó)際協(xié)議發(fā)布信息。

In a sign of the tensions growing in private meetings this week, Miguel Arias Ca?ete, EU climate commissioner, said that although Mr Xi and other world leaders had called for strong climate action at the opening of the Paris talks, “things are much more complex” inside the negotiating rooms. 本周閉門(mén)會(huì)議上氣氛日益緊張的跡象之一是，歐盟氣候?qū)T米格爾?阿里亞斯?卡涅特(Miguel Arias Ca?ete)表示，盡管習(xí)近平和其他世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在巴黎會(huì)議開(kāi)幕日呼吁采取強(qiáng)有力的氣候行動(dòng)，但在談判室里面“情況復(fù)雜得多”。

Meanwhile, a public war of words intensified yesterday over another fraught reporting issue in the talks: a 2009 pledge wealthy countries made to deliver $100bn a year by 2020 to help developing countries deal with climate change. 與此同時(shí)，一場(chǎng)公開(kāi)的口水戰(zhàn)昨日升溫，其癥結(jié)是另一個(gè)不愉快的報(bào)告問(wèn)題：富裕國(guó)家曾在2009年承諾，將在2020年之前每年拿出1000億美元幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。

Prakash Javadekar, India’s environment minister, said developed countries “have not made much headway” towards the target and questioned a recent OECD study that concluded as much as $62bn in funding from public and private sources was delivered in 2014. Wealthy countries, meanwhile, said because much more money had been pledged before the Paris meeting that the tally for 2020 was now more than $90bn. 印度環(huán)境部長(zhǎng)普拉卡什?雅瓦德卡爾(Prakash Javadekar)表示，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家向著這個(gè)目標(biāo)“沒(méi)有取得多大進(jìn)展”，他還質(zhì)疑經(jīng)合組織(OECD)最近的一項(xiàng)研究，該研究的結(jié)論是，2014年到位的公共和私人部門(mén)資金達(dá)到620億美元。與此同時(shí)，富裕國(guó)家表示，由于各方在巴黎會(huì)議之前作出了數(shù)額大得多的承諾，2020年的援助總額現(xiàn)在已超過(guò)900億美元。

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