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工程建設施工招標投標管理辦法
Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China
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工程建設施工招標投標管理辦法
Law of the People's Republic of China on Commercial Banks
（1995年5月10日第八屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十三次會議通過1995年5月10日中華人民共和國主席令第四十七號公布 自1995年7月1日起施行）
(Adopted at the 13th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National
People's Congress on May 10, 1995, Promulgated by Decree No. 47 of the President
of the People's Republic of China on May 10, 1995)
目 錄
Contents
第一章 總 則
ChapterI - General Provisions
第二章 商業(yè)銀行的設立和組織機構
ChapterII - Establishment and Organization of Commercial Banks
第三章 對存款人的保護
ChapterIII - Protections for the Depositors
第四章 貸款和其他業(yè)務的基本規(guī)則
ChapterIV - Basic Rules Governing Loans and Other Businesses
第五章 財務會計
ChapterV - Finance and Accounting
第六章 監(jiān)督管理
ChapterVI - Supervision and Management
第七章 接管和終止
ChapterVII - Take-Over and Termination
第八章 法律責任
ChapterVIII - Legal Liabilities
第九章 附 則
ChapterIX - Supplementary Provisions
第一章 總 則
Chapter I General Provisions
第一條
為了保護商業(yè)銀行、存款人和其他客戶的合法權益，規(guī)范商業(yè)銀行的行為，提高信貸資產質量，加強監(jiān)督管理，保障商業(yè)銀行的穩(wěn)健運行，維護金融秩序，促進社會主義市場經濟的發(fā)展，制定本法。
Article 1 This law is formulated to protect the legal rights and interests of
the commercial banks, depositors and other clients, standardize the behaviors of
the commercial banks, improve the quality of loan assets, strengthen the
supervision and management and thus ensure the sound and stable operations of
the commercial banks, safeguard financial order and promote the growth of
socialist market economy.
第二條 本法所稱的商業(yè)銀行是指依照本法和《中華人民共和國公司法》設立的吸收公眾存款、發(fā)放貸款、辦理結算等業(yè)務的企業(yè)法人。
Article 2 Commercial banks referred to in this law are those enterprise legal
persons which are established to absorb public deposits, issue loans, arrange
settlement of accounts and engage in other businesses in accordance with this
law and the "Company Law of the People's Republic of China".
第三條 商業(yè)銀行可以經營下列部分或者全部業(yè)務：
Article 3 Commercial banks may have the following businesses in part or in
whole:
（一）吸收公眾存款；
(1) Absorb public deposits;
?。ǘ┌l(fā)放短期、中期和長期貸款；
(2) Issue short-term, medium-term and long-term loans;
（三）辦理國內外結算；
(3) Arrange settlement of both domestic and overseas accounts;
?。ㄋ模┺k理票據(jù)貼現(xiàn)；
(4) Handle the discount of negotiable instruments;
?。ㄎ澹┌l(fā)行金融債券；
(5) Issue financial bonds;
（六）代理發(fā)行、代理兌付、承銷政府債券；
(6) Issue, cash and sell government bonds as agents;
?。ㄆ撸┵I賣政府債券；
(7) Buy and sell government bonds as agents;
?。ò耍氖峦瑯I(yè)拆借；
(8) Do inter-bank lending and borrowing;
?。ň牛┵I賣、代理買賣外匯；
(9) Buy and sell per se or as agents foreign exchanges;
?。ㄊ┨峁┬庞米C服務及擔保；
(10) Provide letter of credit (L/C) service and guarantee;
?。ㄊ唬┐硎崭犊铐椉按肀ｋU業(yè)務；
(11) Handle receipts and payments and insurance businesses as agents;
?。ㄊ┨峁┍９芟浞眨?br>
(12) Provide safe boxes; and
?。ㄊ┙浿袊嗣胥y行批準的其他業(yè)務。
(13) Undertake other businesses approved by the People's Bank of China.
經營范圍由商業(yè)銀行章程規(guī)定，報中國人民銀行批準。
Business scopes of the banks are to be defined in the articles of association
of the banks and reported to the People's Bank of China for approval.
第四條 商業(yè)銀行以效益性、安全性、流動性為經營原則，實行自主經營，自擔風險，自負盈虧，自我約束。
Article 4 Commercial banks should work under the principles of efficiency,
safety and fluid with full autonomy and full responsibility for their own risks,
profits and losses and self-restraint.
商業(yè)銀行依法開展業(yè)務，不受任何單位和個人的干涉。
Commercial banks do business in accordance with laws free from any
interference by units and individuals.
商業(yè)銀行以其全部法人財產獨立承擔民事責任。
Commercial banks undertake civil legal liabilities independently with their
all properties as legal persons.
第五條 商業(yè)銀行與客戶的業(yè)務往來，應當遵循平等、自愿、公平和誠實信用的原則。
Article 5 Commercial banks follow the principles of equality, voluntariness,
fair, faithfulness and credibility in their services to clients.
第六條 商業(yè)銀行應當保障存款人的合法權益不受任何單位和個人的侵犯。
Article 6 Commercial banks should protect the legal rights and interests of
their depositors against encroachment by any unit and individual.
第七條 商業(yè)銀行開展信貸業(yè)務，應當嚴格審查借款人的資信，實行擔保，保障按期收回貸款。
Article 7 In issuing loans, commercial banks should made reliable checks on
the creditibility of the borrowers, and provide the loans on guarantee to ensure
timely recovery of the loans.
商業(yè)銀行依法向借款人收回到期貸款的本金和利息，受法律保護。
Commercial banks are protected by law in duly recovery of principal and
interest of the loans they extended.
第八條 商業(yè)銀行開展業(yè)務，應當遵守法律、行政法規(guī)的有關規(guī)定，不得損害國家利益、社會公共利益。
Article 8 Commercial banks should abide by relevant stipulations of laws and
administrative regulations in their businesses and must not do any harm to the
interests of the State and the society.
第九條 商業(yè)銀行開展業(yè)務，應當遵守公平競爭的原則，不得從事不正當競爭。
Article 9 Commercial banks should follow the principle of fair competition in
their business and should not be engaged in unfair competition.
第十條 商業(yè)銀行依法接受中國人民銀行的監(jiān)督管理。
Article 10 Commercial banks accept the supervision and administration of the
People's Bank of China in accordance with laws.
第二章 商業(yè)銀行的設立和組織機構
Chapter II Establishment and Organization of Commercial Banks
第十一條 設立商業(yè)銀行，應當經中國人民銀行審查批準。
Article 11 The establishment of commercial banks should go through the process
of examination and approval by the People's Bank of China.
未經中國人民銀行批準，任何單位和個人不得從事吸收公眾存款等商業(yè)銀行業(yè)務，任何單位不得在名稱中使用“銀行”字樣。
Without the approval of the People's Bank of China, no unit or individual is
allowed to do the business of a commercial bank such as absorbing the public
deposit or call itself a bank.
第十二條 設立商業(yè)銀行，應當具備下列條件：
Article 12 The establishment of a commercial bank should have the following
conditions:
?。ㄒ唬┯蟹媳痉ê汀吨腥A人民共和國公司法》規(guī)定的章程；
(1) A set of articles of association which accord with this law and the
"Company Law of the People's Republic of China";
?。ǘ┯蟹媳痉ㄒ?guī)定的注冊資本最低限額；
(2) The lowest amount of the registered capital as stipulated by this law;
?。ㄈ┯芯邆淙温殞I(yè)知識和業(yè)務工作經驗的董事長（行長）、總經理和其他高級管理人員；
(3) Chairman (president), general manager and other senior management
personnel of the bank are available with professional knowledge and work
experience;
（四）有健全的組織機構和管理制度；
(4) A complete organizational setup and management system;
?。ㄎ澹┯蟹弦蟮臓I業(yè)場所、安全防范措施和與業(yè)務有關的其他設施。
(5) A business site as required accompanied with suitable safety and other
relevant facilities.
中國人民銀行審查設立申請時，應當考慮經濟發(fā)展的需要和銀行業(yè)競爭的狀況。
In approving the application for establishing a commercial bank, the People's
Bank of China should take into consideration the need of economic development
and the competition in banking industry.
第十三條 設立商業(yè)銀行的注冊資本最低限額為十億元人民幣。
Article 13 The minimum registered capital for setting up a commercial bank is
RMB 1 billion yuan.
城市合作商業(yè)銀行的注冊資本最低限額為一億元人民幣，農村合作商業(yè)銀行的注冊資本最低限額為五千萬元人民幣。
The minimum registered capital for setting up an urban cooperative commercial
bank is RMB 100 million yuan, and the minimum registered capital for setting up
a rural cooperative commercial bank is RMB 50 million yuan.
注冊資本應當是實繳資本。
The registered capital should be the actually paid capital.
中國人民銀行根據(jù)經濟發(fā)展可以調整注冊資本最低限額，但不得少于前款規(guī)定的限額。
The People's Bank of China may readjust the amount of minimum registered
capital in accordance with the economic development, but the amount must not be
lower than that stipulated in the preceding clause.
第十四條 設立商業(yè)銀行，申請人應當向中國人民銀行提交下列文件、資料：
Article 14 In application for setting up a commercial bank, the following
documents and data should be presented to the People's Bank of China:
?。ㄒ唬┥暾垥?，申請書應當載明擬設立的商業(yè)銀行的名稱、所在地、注冊資本、業(yè)務范圍等；
(1) An application completed with the name, site, amount of registered
capital, and business scope of the commercial bank to be set up;
?。ǘ┛尚行匝芯繄蟾妫?br>
(2) A feasibility study report; and
?。ㄈ┲袊嗣胥y行規(guī)定提交的其他文件、資料。
(3) Other documents and data as stipulated by the People's Bank of China.
第十五條 設立商業(yè)銀行的申請經審查符合本法第十四條規(guī)定的，申請人應當填寫正式申請表，并提交下列文件、資料：
Article 15 Should an application for setting up a commercial bank have been
found in a accordance with the stipulations of Article 14 through examination,
the applicant should fill out an application form and present the following
documents and data:
?。ㄒ唬┱鲁滩莅福?br>
(1) Draft articles of association;
?。ǘM任職的高級管理人員的資格證明；
(2) Credentials of the proposed senior management personnel;
?。ㄈ┓ǘ炠Y機構出具的驗資證明；
(3) Certificate of capital issued by a legal capital inspection organ;
?。ㄋ模┕蓶|名冊及其出資額、股份；
(4) List of names of shareholders and the amount of capital and number of
stocks they each shared;
（五）持有注冊資本百分之十以上的股東的資信證明和有關資料；
(5) Credibility certificates and relevant data of the shareholders who hold
more than 10% of the registered capital;
?。┙洜I方針和計劃；
(6) Business policy and plan;
?。ㄆ撸I業(yè)場所、安全防范措施和與業(yè)務有關的其他設施的資料；
(7) Data about the business site, safety and other relevant business
facilities; and
（八）中國人民銀行規(guī)定的其他文件、資料。
(8) Other documents and data as stipulated by the People's Bank of China.
第十六條 經批準設立的商業(yè)銀行，由中國人民銀行頒發(fā)經營許可證，并憑該許可證向工商行政管理部門辦理登記，領取營業(yè)執(zhí)照。
Article 16 The People's Bank of China will issue a license to the commercial
bank which has been approved to be set up and the bank concerned should register
with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and get the business
license.
第十七條 商業(yè)銀行的組織形式、組織機構適用《中華人民共和國公司法》的規(guī)定。
Article 17 The stipulations of the "Company Law of the People's Republic of
China" apply to the organizational forms and setups of the commercial banks.
本法施行前設立的商業(yè)銀行，其組織形式、組織機構不完全符合《中華人民共和國公司法》規(guī)定的，可以繼續(xù)沿用原有的規(guī)定，適用前款規(guī)定的日期由國務院規(guī)定。
If a commercial bank, which was set up before the promulgation of this law has
its organization form and setup not entirely in accordance with the stipulations
of the "Company Law of the People's Republic of China", it may continue to
operate under the original form and setup, and when the stipulations of the
preceding clause should be strictly applied is up to the decision of the State
Council.
第十八條 國有獨資商業(yè)銀行設立監(jiān)事會。監(jiān)事會由中國人民銀行、政府有關部門的代表、有關專家和本行工作人員的代表組成。監(jiān)事會的產生辦法由國務院規(guī)定。
Article 18 A solely State owned commercial bank should set up a board of
supervisors formed by representatives of the People's Bank of China and relevant
government departments and specialists and representatives of the Bank's
employees. The method of forming the board of supervisors is to be set by the
State Council.
監(jiān)事會對國有獨資商業(yè)銀行的信貸資產質量、資產負債比例、國有資產保值增值等情況以及高級管理人員違反法律、行政法規(guī)或者章程的行為和損害銀行利益的行為進行監(jiān)督。
The board supervises over the quality of loan assets, proportion between
assets and liability, present and added values of the State assets, and the
bank's senior management personnel's violations of laws and administrative
regulations and their damages to the interests of the bank.
第十九條 商業(yè)銀行根據(jù)業(yè)務需要可以在中華人民共和國境內外設立分支機構。
Article 19 Commercial banks may set up branches both inside and outside of the
People's Republic of China in accordance with the need of their business.
設立分支機構必須經中國人民銀行審查批準。
The establishment of branches must be made under the examination and approval
of the People's Bank of China.
在中華人民共和國境內的分支機構，不按行政區(qū)劃設立。
Branches of the commercial banks inside the People's Republic of China have no
need to be set up in every administrative district.
商業(yè)銀行在中華人民共和國境內設立分支機構，應當按照規(guī)定撥付與其經營規(guī)模相適應的營運資金額。
The commercial banks should, according to relevant stipulations, allocate a
suitable amount of operation funds to their branches which are set up inside the
People's Republic of China.
撥付各分支機構營運資金額的總和，不得超過總行資本金總額的百分之六十。
The aggregate sum of operation funds allocated to the branches must not exceed
60% of the total capital of the headquarters of a commercial bank.
第二十條 設立商業(yè)銀行分支機構，申請人應當向中國人民銀行提交下列文件、資料：
Article 20 For setting up a branch of the commercial bank, the following
documents and data should be presented to the People's Bank of China.
?。ㄒ唬┥暾垥暾垥鴳斴d明擬設立的分支機構的名稱、營運資金額、業(yè)務范圍、總行及分支機構所在地等；
(1) An application clearly indicating the name, the amount of operational
capital, the business scope and the site of the branch to be set up;
（二）申請人最近二年的財務會計報告；
(2) Financial and accounting statements of the applicant in the recent two
years;
?。ㄈM任職的高級管理人員的資格證明；
(3) The credentials of the proposed senior management personnel;
?。ㄋ模┙洜I方針和計劃；
(4) Operational policies and plans;
?。ㄎ澹I業(yè)場所、安全防范措施和與業(yè)務有關的其他設施的資料；
(5) The business site, safety and other relevant business facilities of the
branch; and
?。┲袊嗣胥y行規(guī)定的其他文件、資料。
(6) Other documents and data as stipulated by the People's Bank of China.
第二十一條 經批準設立的商業(yè)銀行分支機構，由中國人民銀行頒發(fā)經營許可證，并憑該許可證向工商行政管理部門辦理登記，領取營業(yè)執(zhí)照。
Article 21 Upon its approval of setting up, a branch of a commercial bank
should get a license from the People's Bank of China and register itself with
the license with the department of industry and commerce to get the business
license.
第二十二條 商業(yè)銀行對其分支機構實行全行統(tǒng)一核算，統(tǒng)一調度資金，分級管理的財務制度。
Article 22 A commercial bank should exercise a financial system of unified
accounting and fund control and level-to-level management in relevant to its
branches.
商業(yè)銀行分支機構不具有法人資格，在總行授權范圍內依法開展業(yè)務，其民事責任由總行承擔。
A branch of a commercial bank does not have the qualifications of a legal
person and thus shall operate within the business scope entrusted by the
headquarters of the commercial bank in accordance with law. Its civil
liabilities are to be undertaken by the headquarters.
第二十三條 經批準設立的商業(yè)銀行及其分支機構，由中國人民銀行予以公告。
Article 23 The approved establishment of the commercial banks and their
branches will be announced by the People's Bank of China.
商業(yè)銀行及其分支機構自取得營業(yè)執(zhí)照之日起無正當理由超過六個月未開業(yè)的，或者開業(yè)后自行停業(yè)連續(xù)六個月以上的，由中國人民銀行吊銷其經營許可證，并予以公告。
The People's Bank of China will revoke the operation licenses of a commercial
bank or its branches and make an announcement of this if they fail to start
their business in more than six months as from the date of getting the business
licenses without justified reasons, or they stop their business for more than
six consecutive months after they start their business.
第二十四條 商業(yè)銀行有下列變更事項之一的，應當經中國人民銀行批準：
Article 24 A commercial bank should have the approval of the People's Bank of
China for one of the following changes:
（一）變更名稱；
(1) The change of its name;
?。ǘ┳兏再Y本；
(2) The change of its registered capital;
（三）變更總行或者分支行所在地；
(3) The change of the site of the headquarters or branches;
?。ㄋ模┱{整業(yè)務范圍；
(4) The readjustment of its business scope;
?。ㄎ澹┳兏钟匈Y本總額或者股份總額百分之十以上的股東；
(5) The change of a shareholder who holds more than 10% of the total capital
or the total amount of stocks;
（六）修改章程；
(6) The revision of articles of association; and
?。ㄆ撸┲袊嗣胥y行規(guī)定的其他變更事項。
(7) Other changes as stipulated by the People's Bank of China.
更換董事長（行長）、總經理時，應當報經中國人民銀行審查其任職條件。
The change of chairman (president) and general manager should be reported to
the People's Bank of China for an examination of their credentials.
第二十五條 商業(yè)銀行的分立、合并，適用《中華人民共和國公司法》的規(guī)定。
Article 25 The separate and merge of commercial banks should follow the
stipulations of the " Company Law of the People's Republic of China".
商業(yè)銀行的分立、合并，應當經中國人民銀行審查批準。
The separate and merge of commercial banks should be made under the
examination and approval of the People's Bank of China.
第二十六條 商業(yè)銀行應當依照法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定使用經營許可證。禁止偽造、變造、轉讓、出租、出借經營許可證。
Article 26 A commercial bank should use its operation license in accordance
with the stipulations of laws and administrative regulations and is forbidden to
falsify, fabricate, transfer, lease or lend the license.
第二十七條 有下列情形之一的，不得擔任商業(yè)銀行的高級管理人員：
Article 27 People involved in one of the following cases cannot be senior
management personnel:
?。ㄒ唬┮蚍赣胸澪?、賄賂、侵占財產、挪用財產罪或者破壞社會經濟秩序罪，被判處刑罰，或者因犯罪被剝奪政治權利的；
(1) People who have been declared guilty or fined for corruption, bribery,
encroachment upon and embezzling property or undermining social economic order,
or those who have been deprived of political rights because of committing
crimes;
?。ǘ我蚪洜I不善破產清算的公司、企業(yè)的董事或者廠長、經理，并對該公司、企業(yè)的破產負有個人責任的；
(2) People who have been chairman of directors or factory director or manager
of a company or enterprise which has gone bankrupt because of poor management
and are held responsible for the bankruptcy themselves;
?。ㄈ我蜻`法被吊銷營業(yè)執(zhí)照的公司、企業(yè)的法定代表人，并負有個人責任的；
(3) People who have been legal representatives of companies or enterprises
whose business licenses had been revoked because of violations of laws and are
held responsible for this themselves; and
?。ㄋ模﹤€人所負數(shù)額較大的債務到期未清償?shù)摹?br>
(4) People who owe comparatively large amount of debt which is overdue.
第二十八條 任何單位和個人購買商業(yè)銀行股份總額百分之十以上的，應當事先經中國人民銀行批準。
Article 28 Purchase of more than 10% of the total shares of a commercial bank
by any unit or individual should be made upon the approval of the People's Bank
of China in advance.
第三章 對存款人的保護
Chapter III Protections for the Depositors
第二十九條 商業(yè)銀行辦理個人儲蓄存款業(yè)務，應當遵循存款自愿、取款自由、存款有息、為存款人保密的原則。
Article 29 A commercial bank should follow the principles of voluntary deposit
and free withdrawal, paying interest to depositors and keeping secret for
depositors in handling individual deposits.
對個人儲蓄存款，商業(yè)銀行有權拒絕任何單位或者個人查詢、凍結、扣劃，但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。
The commercial bank has the right to refuse any unit or individual to inquire
about, freeze and deduct from individual deposits except the cases as stipulated
by laws.
第三十條 對單位存款，商業(yè)銀行有權拒絕任何單位或者個人查詢，但法律、行政法規(guī)另有規(guī)定的除外；有權拒絕任何單位或者個人凍結、扣劃，但法律另有規(guī)定的除外。
Article 30 A commercial bank has the right to refuse any unit or individual to
inquire about the deposits of any other unit except the cases as stipulated by
laws and administrative regulations; the commercial bank has the right to refuse
any unit or individual to freeze and deduct the deposits of any other unit
except the cases as stipulated by laws.
第三十一條 商業(yè)銀行應當按照中國人民銀行規(guī)定的存款利率的上下限，確定存款利率，并予以公告。
Article 31 A commercial bank should decide its own interest rates and announce
them in accordance with the upper and lower limits for deposit interest set by
the People's Bank of China.
第三十二條 商業(yè)銀行應當按照中國人民銀行的規(guī)定，向中國人民銀行交存存款準備金，留足備付金。
Article 32 A commercial bank should pay a certain amount of deposit reserve
funds to the People's Bank of China and keep adequate payment funds in
accordance with the latter's stipulations.
第三十三條 商業(yè)銀行應當保證存款本金和利息的支付，不得拖延、拒絕支付存款本金和利息。
Article 33 A commercial bank should guarantee the payment of the principal and
interest of the deposits and must not delay and refuse to pay the principal and
interest of the deposits.
第四章 貸款和其他業(yè)務的基本規(guī)則
Chapter IV Basic Rules Governing Loans and Other Businesses
第三十四條 商業(yè)銀行根據(jù)國民經濟和社會發(fā)展的需要，在國家產業(yè)政策指導下開展貸款業(yè)務。
Article 34 A commercial bank should issue loans in accordance with the need of
the national economy and social development and under the guidance of the State
industrial policies.
第三十五條 商業(yè)銀行貸款，應當對借款人的借款用途、償還能力、還款方式等情況進行嚴格審查。
Article 35 In issuing loans, a commercial bank should closely check the use of
the loan by the borrower, the repayment ability of the borrowers and the mode of
repayment of the loans.
商業(yè)銀行貸款，應當實行審貸分離、分級審批的制度。
For extending a loan, a commercial bank should clearly separate the process of
checking and actual lending and the lending should go through checking and
approval by various levels.
第三十六條 商業(yè)銀行貸款，借款人應當提供擔保。
Article 36 A borrower should provide guarantee for commercial bank loans.
商業(yè)銀行應當對保證人的償還能力，抵押物、質物的權屬和價值以及實現(xiàn)抵押權、質權的可行性進行嚴格審查。
A commercial bank should strictly check the repayment ability of the
guarantors, the ownership and value of the mortgage and working assets and the
possibility of claims to them.
經商業(yè)銀行審查、評估，確認借款人資信良好，確能償還貸款的，可以不提供擔保。
A borrower which has been proved having sure creditility for repayment through
checks and assessments by the commercial bank may not provide guarantee for the
commercial bank.
第三十七條 商業(yè)銀行貸款，應當與借款人訂立書面合同。合同應當約定貸款種類、借款用途、金額、利率、還款期限、還款方式、違約責任和雙方認為需要約定的其他事項。
Article 37 Upon a loan, the commercial bank and borrower concerned should
strike a written contract to clearly define the category, purpose, amount
interest rate, repayment period and mode of repayment of the loan, liabilities
in case of violating the contract and other stipulations which both sides deem
in necessary.
第三十八條 商業(yè)銀行應當按照中國人民銀行規(guī)定的貸款利率的上下限，確定貸款利率。
Article 38 A commercial bank should decide the interest rates of loans in
accordance with the upper and lower limits of loan interest set by the People's
Bank of China.
第三十九條 商業(yè)銀行貸款，應當遵守下列資產負債比例管理的規(guī)定：
Article 39 A commercial bank should abide by the following stipulations in
ratio between assets and liabilities:
?。ㄒ唬┵Y本充足率不得低于百分之八；
(1) Capital sufficiency rate must not be less than 8%;
（二）貸款余額與存款余額的比例不得超過百分之七十五；
(2) The ratio between the balance of loans and the balance of deposits must
not exceed 75%;
?。ㄈ┝鲃有再Y產余額與流動性負債余額的比例不得低于百分之二十五；
(3) The ratio between the balance of circulating assets and the balance of
circulating liabilities must not be lower than 25%;
?。ㄋ模ν唤杩钊说馁J款余額與商業(yè)銀行資本余額的比例不得超過百分之十；
(4) The ratio between the balance of loan of one borrower and the balance of
capital of the commercial bank must not exceed 10%; and
?。ㄎ澹┲袊嗣胥y行對資產負債比例管理的其他規(guī)定。
(5) Other stipulations of the People's Bank of China governing such ratios.
本法施行前設立的商業(yè)銀行，在本法施行后，其資產負債比例不符合前款規(guī)定的，應當在一定的期限內符合前款規(guī)定。
If a commercial bank which was set up before the promulgation of this law has
a ratio between assets and liabilities not in accordance with the stipulations
of the preceding clause it should readjust the ratio to suit the stipulations in
a certain period of time.
具體辦法由國務院規(guī)定。
The specific methods for such an adjustment are to be decided by the State
Council.
第四十條 商業(yè)銀行不得向關系人發(fā)放信用貸款；向關系人發(fā)放擔保貸款的條件不得優(yōu)于其他借款人同類貸款的條件。
Article 40 Commercial banks are not allowed to issue credit loans to people
who have connections with the bank and the conditions for issuing guaranteed
loans to people who have connections with the bank must not be more favorable
than those for such loans to other borrowers.
前款所稱關系人是指：
The people who have connections with the bank as referred to in the preceding
clause are:
?。ㄒ唬┥虡I(yè)銀行的董事、監(jiān)事、管理人員、信貸業(yè)務人員及其近親屬；
(1) The directors, supervisors, management personnel, credit loan business
dealers of the commercial bank and their close relatives; and
?。ǘ┣绊椝腥藛T投資或者擔任高級管理職務的公司、企業(yè)和其他經濟組織。
(2) Companies, enterprises and other economic organizations which have the
people mentioned in the preceding clause as investors or senior management
personnel
第四十一條 任何單位和個人不得強令商業(yè)銀行發(fā)放貸款或者提供擔保。
Article 41 No unit or individual is allowed to force the commercial banks to
issue loans or provide guarantees.
商業(yè)銀行有權拒絕任何單位和個人強令要求其發(fā)放貸款或者提供擔保。
In other words the commercial banks have the rights to refuse any unit or body
to force it to do so.
經國務院批準的特定貸款項目，國有獨資商業(yè)銀行應當發(fā)放貸款。
The solely State owned commercial banks should issue loans to special projects
which have been approved by the State Council.
因貸款造成的損失，由國務院采取相應補救措施。具體辦法由國務院規(guī)定。
The State Council will adopt corresponding measures to make up for the losses
of the banks because of issuing the loans. To adopt what measures is up to the
decision of the State Council.
第四十二條 借款人應當按期歸還貸款的本金和利息。
Article 42 Borrowers of loans should repay the principal and interest of the
loans on time.
借款人到期不歸還擔保貸款的，商業(yè)銀行依法享有要求保證人歸還貸款本金和利息或者就該擔保物優(yōu)先受償?shù)臋嗬?br>
If a borrower cannot repay the guaranteed loan on time, the commercial bank
which issues the loan has the right to ask the guarantor to repay the principal
and interest of the loan or enjoy the priority of repayment by security in
accordance with law.
商業(yè)銀行因行使抵押權、質權而取得的不動產或者股票，應當自取得之日起一年內予以處分。
Fixed assets or stocks obtained by a commercial bank in the course of
exercising the banks ownership of mortagage must be handled within one year as
of the date of obtaining them by the bank.
借款人到期不歸還信用貸款的，應當按照合同約定承擔責任。
A borrower should undertake liabilities in accordance with the contract if
cannot repay the credit loan on time.
第四十三條 商業(yè)銀行在中華人民共和國境內不得從事信托投資和股票業(yè)務，不得投資于非自用不動產。
Article 43 Commercial banks are not allowed to make trust investment, trade in
shares or make investment in fixed assets of non-self use within the People's
Republic of China.
商業(yè)銀行在中華人民共和國境內不得向非銀行金融機構和企業(yè)投資。
Commercial banks are not allowed to make investment in non-banking
institutions and enterprises within the People's Republic of China.
本法施行前，商業(yè)銀行已向非銀行金融機構和企業(yè)投資的，由國務院另行規(guī)定實施辦法。
For investments in the kind made before the promulgation of this law the State
Council will work out rules to deal with them.
第四十四條 商業(yè)銀行辦理票據(jù)承兌、匯兌、委托收款等結算業(yè)務，應當按照規(guī)定的期限兌現(xiàn)，收付入帳，不得壓單、壓票或者違反規(guī)定退票。
Article 44 In handling account settlement businesses such as honor, remittance
and trust acceptance negotiable instruments, a commercial bank should honor and
enter the receipts and payment into the account book within the set period of
time and must not hold down the bill or money order or return them in violating
the law.
有關兌現(xiàn)、收付入帳期限的規(guī)定應當公布。
The stipulations about the set period for honoring and entering the receipts
and payment into the account book should be announced.
第四十五條 商業(yè)銀行發(fā)行金融債券或者到境外借款，應當依照法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定報經批準。
Article 45 A commercial bank should have the approval for issuing monetary
bonds or for borrowing from overseas in accordance with laws and administrative
regulations.
第四十六條 同業(yè)拆借，應當遵守中國人民銀行規(guī)定的期限，拆借的期限最長不得超過四個月。
Article 46 Inter-bank lending should be made in accordance with the time limit
as set by the People's Bank of China, and the longest time limit should not be
more than four months.
禁止利用拆入資金發(fā)放固定資產貸款或者用于投資。
It is forbidden to use the borrowed inter-bank funds to issue fixed assets
loans or to make investment.
拆出資金限于交足存款準備金、留足備付金和歸還中國人民銀行到期貸款之后的閑置資金。
Funds for inter-bank lending should be restricted to those idle funds after
fully paying the deposit reserve funds, standing funds and the due loans to the
People's Bank of China.
拆入資金用于彌補票據(jù)結算、聯(lián)行匯差頭寸的不足和解決臨時性周轉資金的需要。
Funds borrowed from interbank lendings should be used for making up for the
settlement of the accounts, shortage of the inter-bank balance and the need of
temporary working funds.
第四十七條 商業(yè)銀行不得違反規(guī)定提高或者降低利率以及采用其他不正當手段，吸收存款，發(fā)放貸款。
Article 47 Commercial banks must not raise or lower interest rate as against
the stipulations or absorb deposits and issue loans through unjustified means.
第四十八條 企業(yè)事業(yè)單位可以自主選擇一家商業(yè)銀行的營業(yè)場所開立一個辦理日常轉帳結算和現(xiàn)金收付的基本帳戶，不得開立兩個以上基本帳戶。
Article 48 Enterprises and institutions can choose on their own will a
commercial bank to open their own basic accounts for daily transferance and
settlement of accounts and cash receipts and payment, but cannot open two or
more basic accounts.
任何單位和個人不得將單位的資金以個人名義開立帳戶存儲。
No unit or individual is allowed to open a private account for the deposits of
the funds of a unit.
第四十九條 商業(yè)銀行的營業(yè)時間應當方便客戶，并予以公告。
Article 49 The business hours of commercial banks should be convenient to
clients and should be publicly announced.
商業(yè)銀行應當在公告的營業(yè)時間內營業(yè)，不得擅自停止營業(yè)或者縮短營業(yè)時間。
Commercial banks should be fully open to business within the announced
business hours and not to close or shorten the business hours on their own will.
第五十條 商業(yè)銀行辦理業(yè)務，提供服務，按照中國人民銀行的規(guī)定收取手續(xù)費。
Article 50 In handling business and providing services, a commercial bank will
charge service fees in accordance with the stipulations of the People's Bank of
China.
第五十一條 商業(yè)銀行應當按照國家有關規(guī)定保存財務會計報表、業(yè)務合同以及其他資料。
Article 51 Commercial banks should keep financial accounting reports, business
contracts and other data in accordance with relevant State regulations.
第五十二條 商業(yè)銀行的工作人員應當遵守法律、行政法規(guī)和其他各項業(yè)務管理的規(guī)定，不得有下列行為：
Article 52 Employees of commercial banks should abide by laws and
administrative regulations and other operational rules and must not perform the
followings:
?。ㄒ唬├寐殑丈系谋憷?，索取、收受賄賂或者違反國家規(guī)定收受各種名義的回扣、手續(xù)費；
(1) Use their own position to ask for or accept bribery or accept commissons
or service charges under various titles in violation of State regulations;
?。ǘ├寐殑丈系谋憷澪?、挪用、侵占本行或者客戶的資金；
(2) Use their own position to embezzle, divert and encroach upon the funds of
the banks and clients;
?。ㄈ┻`反規(guī)定徇私向親屬、朋友發(fā)放貸款或者提供擔保；
(3) Privately issue loans to or provide guarantee for relatives and friends in
violation of relative regulations;
?。ㄋ模┰谄渌洕M織兼職；
(4) Serve concurrently in other economic organizations; and
?。ㄎ澹┻`反法律、行政法規(guī)和業(yè)務管理規(guī)定的其他行為。
(5) Engage in other behaviors that violate laws, administrative regulations
and rules governing business management.
第五十三條 商業(yè)銀行的工作人員不得泄露其在任職期間知悉的國家秘密、商業(yè)秘密。
Article 53 Employees of commercial banks must not leak the State and
commercial secrets they acquire during their term of service.
第五章 財務會計
Chapter V Finance and Accounting
第五十四條 商業(yè)銀行應當依照法律和國家統(tǒng)一的會計制度以及中國人民銀行的有關規(guī)定，建立、健全本行的財務會計制度。
Article 54 Commercial banks should establish and improve their own financial
accounting system in accordance with laws, the unified accounting system
formulated by the State and the relevant stipulations of the People's Bank of
China.
第五十五條 商業(yè)銀行應當按照國家有關規(guī)定，真實記錄并全面反映其業(yè)務活動和財務狀況，編制年度財務會計報告，及時向中國人民銀行和財政部門報送會計報表。
Article 55 Commercial banks should, in accordance with the relevant State
stipulations, truly record and totally report its business activities and
financial affairs, prepare its annual financial affairs report and timely send
the report to the People's Bank of China and Ministry of Finance.
商業(yè)銀行不得在法定的會計帳冊外另立會計帳冊。
Commercial banks must not set up other accounting books other than that set up
according to law.
第五十六條 商業(yè)銀行應當于每一會計年度終了三個月內，按照中國人民銀行的規(guī)定，公布其上一年度的經營業(yè)績和審計報告。
Article 56 Commercial banks should publish their business and auditing reports
for the previous accounting fiscal year in accordance with the regulations of
the People's Bank of China within the last three months of every accounting
fiscal year.
第五十七條 商業(yè)銀行應當按照國家有關規(guī)定，提取呆帳準備金，沖銷呆帳。
Article 57 Commercial banks should draw bad debt reserve funds to reverse the
bad debt in accordance with relevant State regulations.
第五十八條 商業(yè)銀行的會計年度自公歷１月１日起至１２月３１日止。
Article 58 The accounting fiscal year of a commercial bank begins on January 1
and ends on December 31 of the Gregorian calendar.
第六章 監(jiān)督管理
Chapter VI Supervision and Management
第五十九條 商業(yè)銀行應當按照中國人民銀行的規(guī)定，制定本行的業(yè)務規(guī)則，建立、健全本行的業(yè)務管理、現(xiàn)金管理和安全防范制度。
Article 59 Commercial banks should, in accordance with the regulations of the
People's Bank of China, formulate their own business regulations and establish
and improve their operation, cash management and safety systems.
第六十條 商業(yè)銀行應當建立、健全本行對存款、貸款、結算、呆帳等各項情況的稽核、檢查制度。
Article 60 Commercial banks should establish and improve their own auditing
and checking system on deposits, loans, account settling and bad debts.
商業(yè)銀行對分支機構應當進行經常性的稽核和檢查監(jiān)督。
Commercial banks should keep regular auditings, checkings and supervisions on
the work of their branches.
第六十一條 商業(yè)銀行應當定期向中國人民銀行報送資產負債表、損益表以及其他財務會計報表和資料。
Article 61 Commercial banks should regularly send statements of assets and
liablities, losses and benefits and financilal accounting as well as other data
to the People's Bank of China.
第六十二條 中國人民銀行有權依照本法第三章、第四章、第五章的規(guī)定，隨時對商業(yè)銀行的存款、貸款、結算、呆帳等情況進行檢查監(jiān)督。
Article 62 The People's Bank of China has the right to check and supervise the
deposits, loans, account settling and bad debts of the commercial banks at any
time in accordance with the stipulations of Chapters III, IV and V of this law.
檢查監(jiān)督時，檢查監(jiān)督人員應當出示合法的證件。
During their work of checking and supervision the checkers and the supervisors
should present their legal certificates.
商業(yè)銀行應當按照中國人民銀行的要求，提供財務會計資料、業(yè)務合同和有關經營管理方面的其他信息。
Commercial banks should provide financial accounting data, business contracts
and other information about its business and management in accordance with the
requirements of the People's Bank of China.
第六十三條 商業(yè)銀行應當依法接受審計機關的審計監(jiān)督。
Article 63 Commercial bank should accept the auditing and supervision of the
auditing departments in accordance with laws.
第七章 接管和終止
Chapter VII Take-Over and Termination
第六十四條 商業(yè)銀行已經或者可能發(fā)生信用危機，嚴重影響存款人的利益時，中國人民銀行可以對該銀行實行接管。
Article 64 The People's Bank of China may take over a commercial bank whenever
a creditility crisis which would seriously affect the interests of the
depositors has happened or may happen.
接管的目的是對被接管的商業(yè)銀行采取必要措施，以保護存款人的利益，恢復商業(yè)銀行的正常經營能力。
The purpose of a take-over is to take necessary measures against the
commercial bank which is to be taken over to protect the interests of the
depositors, and restore the normal operation ability of the bank.
被接管的商業(yè)銀行的債權債務關系不因接管而變化。
The right and liabilities of the taken-over bank will not change because of
the take-over.
第六十五條 接管由中國人民銀行決定，并組織實施。中國人民銀行的接管決定應當載明下列內容：
Article 65 The People's Bank of China decides to organize and carry out the
take-over. The take-over decision should have the following contents:
?。ㄒ唬┍唤庸艿纳虡I(yè)銀行名稱；
(1) The name of the commercial bank which is to be taken over;
?。ǘ┙庸芾碛桑?br>
(2) The reason for the take-over;
?。ㄈ┙庸芙M織；
(3) The organization to execute the take-over; and
?。ㄋ模┙庸芷谙蕖?br>
(4) The time limit for the take-over.
接管決定由中國人民銀行予以公告。
The take-over decision will be published by the People's Bank of China.
第六十六條 接管自接管決定實施之日起開始。
Article 66 The take-over will begin at the date of execution of the take-over
decision.
自接管開始之日起，由接管組織行使商業(yè)銀行的經營管理權力。
The organization which executes the take-over will execute the business and
management power of the commercial bank beginning from the date of taking over.
第六十七條 接管期限屆滿，中國人民銀行可以決定延期，但接管期限最長不得超過二年。
Article 67 The People's Bank of China may decide to extend term of the
take-over upon its expiration but the term of extension cannot exceed two years.
第六十八條 有下列情形之一的，接管終止：
Article 68 The take-over terminates in one of the following cases:
?。ㄒ唬┙庸軟Q定規(guī)定的期限屆滿或者中國人民銀行決定的接管延期屆滿；
(1) The term set by the take-over decision expires or the extension of the
term decided by the People's Bank of China expires;
?。ǘ┙庸芷谙迣脻M前，該商業(yè)銀行已恢復正常經營能力；
(2) The commercial bank concerned has restored its normal business ability
before the term of the take-over expires; and
?。ㄈ┙庸芷谙迣脻M前，該商業(yè)銀行被合并或者被依法宣告破產。
(3) The commercial bank is emerged or declares bankrupt before the end of the
term of the take-over.
第六十九條
商業(yè)銀行因分立、合并或者出現(xiàn)公司章程規(guī)定的解散事由需要解散的，應當向中國人民銀行提出申請，并附解散的理由和支付存款的本金和利息等債務清償計劃。經中國人民銀行批準后解散。
Article 69 A commercial bank should apply to the People's Bank of China for a
disbandment due to merger, seperation or reasons set in the Articles of
association of the bank and the application should be accompanied with the
reasons for the disbandment and the plan for balance settlement such as paying
the principal and interest of the deposits. And then the bank shall disband upon
approval of the People's Bank of China.
商業(yè)銀行解散的，應當依法成立清算組，進行清算，按照清償計劃及時償還存款本金和利息等債務。中國人民銀行監(jiān)督清算過程。
The commercial bank to be disbanded should set up a group for settling
accounts in accordance with laws and pay its debts such as the principal and
interest of deposits. The People's Bank of China shall supervise over the
settling process.
第七十條 商業(yè)銀行因吊銷經營許可證被撤銷的，中國人民銀行應當依法及時組織成立清算組，進行清算，按照清償計劃及時償還存款本金和利息等債務。
Article 70 If a commercial bank is dismantled because of a revoke of its
business license, the People's Bank of China should, in accordance with law, set
up a group for settling accounts in time, and pay its debts such as the
principal and interest of deposits in time according to the plan for accounts
settlement.
第七十一條 商業(yè)銀行不能支付到期債務，經中國人民銀行同意，由人民法院依法宣告其破產。
Article 71 If the commercial bank cannot pay the due debts, it will be
declared bankrupt by the people's court in accordance with law and with the
agreement of the People's Bank of China.
商業(yè)銀行被宣告破產的，由人民法院組織中國人民銀行等有關部門和有關人員成立清算組，進行清算。
When a commercial bank is declared bankrupt, the people's court will organize
the People's Bank of China and other relevant departments to set up a group for
setting accounts with the bank.
商業(yè)銀行破產清算時，在支付清算費用、所欠職工工資和勞動保險費用后，應當優(yōu)先支付個人儲蓄存款的本金和利息。
While the bankrupt commercial bank is undergoing the process of account
settlement it should first pay the principal and interest of the individual
depositors after paying the fees for account settling, employees' wages and
labor insurance which are in arrears.
第七十二條 商業(yè)銀行因解散、被撤銷和被宣告破產而終止。
Article 72 Commercial banks should terminate their operations upon a
disbandment, dismantlement and bankruptcy.
第八章 法律責任
Chapter VIII Legal Liabilities
第七十三條 商業(yè)銀行有下列情形之一，對存款人或者其他客戶造成財產損害的，應當承擔支付遲延履行的利息以及其他民事責任：
Article 73 Whenever the appearance of one of the following cases that would do
harm to the property of the depositors and other clients occurs, commercial
banks concerned should undertake to pay the delayed interest and other civil
liabilities:
（一）無故拖延、拒絕支付存款本金和利息的；
(1) The bank delays or refuses to pay the principal and interest of the
deposits without any reasons;
?。ǘ┻`反票據(jù)承兌等結算業(yè)務規(guī)定，不予兌現(xiàn)，不予收付入帳，壓單、壓票或者違反規(guī)定退票的；
(2) The bank refuses to honor instruments, does not enter receipts and
payments into account book, holds down bills or instruments or returns the
instruments in violation of the stipulations governing account settling;
?。ㄈ┓欠ú樵?、凍結、扣劃個人儲蓄存款或者單位存款的；
(3) The bank illegally inquires about, freezes or deducts deposits of
individuals or units; and
（四）違反本法規(guī)定對存款人或者其他客戶造成損害的其他行為。
(4) Other behaviors of the bank that would violate the stipulations of this
law and do harm to the depositors and other clients.
第七十四條
商業(yè)銀行有下列情形之一，由中國人民銀行責令改正，有違法所得的，沒收違法所得，并處以違法所得一倍以上五倍以下罰款，沒有違法所得的，處以十萬元以上五十萬元以下罰款；
Article 74 The People's Bank of China shall order a commercial bank to correct
one of the following cases, confiscate its illegal earnings if any and impose a
fine which is anything between one to five times the illegal earnings or between
RMB100, 000 yuan and 500, 000 yuan if no illegal earnings.
情節(jié)特別嚴重或者逾期不改正的，中國人民銀行可以責令停業(yè)整頓或者吊銷其經營許可證；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任：
The People's Bank of China may order the bank to stop its business or revoke
its business license if the case is especially serious and the bank refuses to
correct within a set time; and criminal responsibilities will be affixed if the
case is so serious to constitute a crime:
?。ㄒ唬┪唇浥鷾拾l(fā)行金融債券或者到境外借款的；
(1) The bank issues financial bonds or borrows funds from overseas without
approval;
?。ǘ┪唇浥鷾寿I賣政府債券或者買賣、代理買賣外匯的；
(2) The bank buys and sells government bonds or buys and sells and acts as an
agent to buy and sell foreign exchanges without approval;
?。ㄈ┰诰硟葟氖滦磐型顿Y和股票業(yè)務或者投資于非自用不動產的；
(3) The bank is engaged in trust investment and stock business or invests in
fixed assets of non-self use within the country;
?。ㄋ模┫蚓硟确倾y行金融機構和企業(yè)投資的；
(4) The bank makes investment in non-banking financial institutions and
enterprises;
?。ㄎ澹┫蜿P系人發(fā)放信用貸款或者發(fā)放擔保貸款的條件優(yōu)于其他借款人同類貸款的條件的；
(5) The bank issues credit loans or guaranteed loans with better condition
than those to similar borrowers to people who have connections with the bank;
?。┨峁┨摷俚幕蛘唠[瞞重要事實的財務會計報表的；
(6) The bank provides an accounting report that is fake or with important
facts held back;
?。ㄆ撸┚芙^中國人民銀行稽核、檢查監(jiān)督的；
(7) The bank refuses the auditing, checking and supervising of the People's
Bank of China, and
（八）出租、出借經營許可證的。
(8) The bank leases or lends out business license.
第七十五條
商業(yè)銀行有本法第七十三條規(guī)定的情形之一或者有下列情形之一，由中國人民銀行責令改正，有違法所得的，沒收違法所得，并處以違法所得一倍以上三倍以下罰款，沒有違法所得的，處以五萬元以上三十萬元以下罰款：
Article 75 The People's Bank of China shall order a commercial bank to correct
one of the cases stated in Article 73 of this law or one of the following cases,
and confiscates its illegal earnings if any and impose a fine which is one to
three times the illegal earnings, or impose a fine between RMB 50, 000 yuan and
300, 000 yuan if no illegal earnings:
?。ㄒ唬┪窗凑罩袊嗣胥y行規(guī)定的比例交存存款準備金的；
(1) The bank does not pay the deposit reserve funds in accordance with the
proportion set by the People's Bank of China;
?。ǘ┪醋袷刭Y本充足率、存貸比例、資產流動性比例、同一借款人貸款比例和中國人民銀行有關資產負債比例管理的其他規(guī)定的；
(2) The bank does not operate with the set ratios in concern of capital,
deposits and loans, fluid of assets, loans to the same borrower, and balance
sheet as set by the People's Bank of China;
?。ㄈ┪唇浥鷾试O立分支機構的；
(3) The bank sets up a branch without approval;
?。ㄋ模┪唇浥鷾史至?、合并的；
(4) The bank separates or merges without approval;
（五）同業(yè)拆借超過規(guī)定的期限或者利用拆入資金發(fā)放固定資產貸款的；
(5) The bank engages in inter-bank lending exceeding the set time limit or
uses the borrowed interbank money to issue fixed assets loans; and
?。┻`反規(guī)定提高或者降低利率以及采用其他不正當手段，吸收存款，發(fā)放貸款的。
(6) The bank raises or lowers interest rates in violation of stipulations or
resorts to unjustified means to absorb deposits and issue loans.
第七十六條 商業(yè)銀行有本法第七十三條至第七十五條規(guī)定的情形的，對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員，應當給予紀律處分；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。
Article 76 Disciplinary actions shall be taken against the leading and other
personnel of a commercial bank who have direct responsibilities for the cases in
the preceding three articles; criminal responsibilities shall be affixed if the
case is so serious to constitute a crime.
第七十七條
有下列情形之一，由中國人民銀行責令改正，有違法所得的，沒收違法所得，可以處以違法所得一倍以上三倍以下罰款，沒有違法所得的，可以處以五萬元以上三十萬元以下罰款：
Article 77 The People's Bank of China shall order the correction of one of the
following cases, and confiscate illegal earnings and impose a fine of one to
three times the illegal earnings, or between RMB 50, 000 yuan and 300, 000 yuan
if no illegal earning:
（一）未經批準在名稱中使用“銀行”字樣的；
(1) The word "bank" is used in a title without approval;
?。ǘ┪唇浥鷾寿徺I商業(yè)銀行股份總額百分之十以上的；
(2) Purchase more than 10% of the total volume of the shares of a commercial
bank without approval; and
?。ㄈ挝坏馁Y金以個人名義開立帳戶存儲的。
(3) Opening of a private account for the funds of a unit.
第七十八條
不按照規(guī)定向中國人民銀行報送有關文件、資料或者違反本法第二十四條規(guī)定對變更事項不報批的，由中國人民銀行責令改正，逾期不改正的，可以處以一萬元以上十萬元以下罰款。
Article 78 The People's Bank of China shall order a commercial bank to correct
if it does not send relevant documents and data to the People's Bank of China in
accordance with relevant stipulations or violates the stipulations of Article 24
of this law and does not report the changes for approval; if it refuses to
correct within a set time, the People's Bank of China will impose a fine of
RMB10, 000 yuan to 100, 000 yuan against the commercial bank.
第七十九條 未經中國人民銀行批準，擅自設立商業(yè)銀行，或者非法吸收公眾存款、變相吸收公眾存款的，依法追究刑事責任；并由中國人民銀行予以取締。
Article 79 Criminal responsibilities shall be affixed on those who set up a
commercial bank on their own without the approval of the People's Bank of China
or illegally absorb public deposits or absorb public deposits in a disguised
way; and the above actions shall be banned by the People's Bank of China.
偽造、變造、轉讓商業(yè)銀行經營許可證的，依法追究刑事責任。
Criminal responsibilities shall be affixed on those who fabricate, change and
transfer the business license of a commercial bank.
第八十條 借款人采取欺詐手段騙取貸款，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。
Article 80 If a borrower obtains loans by cheating and the case is so serious
as to constitute a crime, criminal responsibilities shall be affixed.
第八十一條 商業(yè)銀行工作人員利用職務上的便利，索取、收受賄賂或者違反國家規(guī)定收受各種名義的回扣、手續(xù)費的，依法追究刑事責任。
Article 81 Criminal responsibilities shall be affixed on employees of
commercial banks who, taking advantage of their own position, ask for and accept
bribery or violate State regulations to accept various forms of discount and
service charges.
有前款行為，發(fā)放貸款或者提供擔保造成損失的，應當承擔全部或者部分賠償責任。
If loans or guarantees provided as mentioned in the preceding clause have
caused damages those who are responsible shall undertake the whole or part of
the responsibilities of repayment.
第八十二條 商業(yè)銀行工作人員利用職務上的便利，貪污、挪用、侵占本行或者客戶資金，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；未構成犯罪的，應當給予紀律處分。
Article 82 Criminal responsibilities shall be affixed on employees of the
commercial banks who, by taking advantage of their own position, embezzle,
divert or encroach upon the funds of the bank or the clients and the cases are
so serious as to constitute a crime; and disciplinary action shall be taken
against those whose case does not constitute a crime.
第八十三條 商業(yè)銀行工作人員違反本法規(guī)定玩忽職守造成損失的，應當給予紀律處分；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。
Article 83 Disciplinary action shall be taken against employees of a
commercial bank who violate this law and are derelict of their duty, causing
damages; criminal responsibilities shall be affixed if the case is so serious as
to constitute a crime.
違反規(guī)定徇私向親屬、朋友發(fā)放貸款或者提供擔保造成損失的，應當承擔全部或者部分賠償責任。
Those who cause damage because of issuing loans to or providing guarantee for
relatives and friends should undertake the whole or part of the responsibilities
of repayment.
第八十四條 商業(yè)銀行工作人員泄露在任職期間知悉的國家秘密、商業(yè)秘密的，應當給予紀律處分；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。
Article 84 Disciplinary action shall be taken against employees of a
commercial bank who leak the State and commercial secrets they have accessed to
during their service; criminal responsibilities shall be affixed if the case is
so serious as to constitute a crime.
第八十五條
單位或者個人強令商業(yè)銀行發(fā)放貸款或者提供擔保的，應當對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員或者個人給予紀律處分；造成損失的，應當承擔全部或者部分賠償責任。
Article 85 Disciplinary action shall be taken against those who are directly
in charge or responsible for forcing commercial banks to issue loans or provide
guarantee; those who cause damages for the actions should undertake the whole or
part of the responsibilities of repayment.
商業(yè)銀行的工作人員對單位或者個人強令其發(fā)放貸款或者提供擔保未予拒絕的，應當給予紀律處分；造成損失的，應當承擔相應的賠償責任。
Disciplinary action shall be taken against employees of a commercial bank who
do not refuse to provide forced loans or guarantees; those who cause damages for
the action should undertake relevant responsibilities of repayment.
第八十六條 商業(yè)銀行及其工作人員對中國人民銀行的處罰決定不服的，可以依照《中華人民共和國行政訴訟法》的規(guī)定向人民法院提起訴訟。
Article 86 Upon refusal to the decisions of punishments by the People's Bank
of China, commercial banks and their employees may take the procedures to the
people's court in accordance with the " Administrative Procedure Law of the
People's Republic of China".
第九章 附 則
Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions
第八十七條 本法施行前，按照國務院的規(guī)定經批準設立的商業(yè)銀行不再辦理審批手續(xù)。
Article 87 Commercial banks which were set up with approval in accordance with
the regulations of the State Council need not go through the formalities of
check and approval before this law is promulgated.
第八十八條 外資商業(yè)銀行、中外合資商業(yè)銀行、外國商業(yè)銀行分行適用本法規(guī)定，法律、行政法規(guī)另有規(guī)定的，適用其規(guī)定。
Article 88 This law applies to the foreign-funded commercial banks,
Sino-foreign joint venture commercial banks and the branches of foreign
commercial banks in china, and if there are special laws and administrative
regualations governing them, they should follow such special laws and
regulations.
第八十九條 城市信用合作社、農村信用合作社辦理存款、貸款和結算等業(yè)務，適用本法有關規(guī)定。
Article 89 The relevant regulations of this law apply to both urban and rural
credit cooperative in their businesses such as handling deposits, issuing loans
and settling accounts.
第九十條 郵政企業(yè)辦理郵政儲蓄、匯款業(yè)務，適用本法有關規(guī)定。
Article 90 The relevant regulations of this law apply to the postal
enterprises in their postal deposits and remittance services.
第九十一條 本法自１９９５年７月１日起施行。
Article 91 This law goes into force as of July 1, 1995.
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